Raw peanut

When evaluating raw peanuts, buyers must prioritize moisture content (ideally between 7% and 8.5%) to prevent mold growth. Key physical attributes include kernel size (measured by count per ounce, e.g., 40/50 or 50/60), uniformity of color, and the absence of split kernels. Ensure the peanuts are free from foreign matter (stones, dirt, or shells) and show no signs of insect infestation or shriveling, which indicates poor storage or old crop.

Compliance with food safety regulations is non-negotiable. Suppliers should provide Aflatoxin testing reports, as this toxin is a major risk in peanut trade. Look for certifications such as HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points), ISO 22000 (Food Safety Management), and GFSI-recognized schemes like BRC or SQF. For specific markets, ensure the product meets FDA (USA) or EFSA (EU) maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides and heavy metals.

The choice of variety depends on the end application. Runner peanuts are preferred for peanut butter production due to their uniform kernel size and high roasting stability. Virginia peanuts are sought after for gourmet snacks and in-shell roasting because of their large size. Spanish peanuts have a higher oil content, making them ideal for oil extraction and peanut candies, while Valencia peanuts are exceptionally sweet and often used for boiling or natural peanut butter.

Raw peanuts are highly sensitive to humidity and temperature. They should be packed in breathable PP woven bags or jute bags (typically 25kg or 50kg) to allow air circulation. For long-distance cross-border shipping, using vacuum-sealed bags or big bags with liners can further protect against oxidation. Ensure the shipping container is dry, clean, and ventilated, and consider using desiccants to prevent 'container rain' during sea freight.

Aflatoxin is the biggest risk in the peanut trade. You should mandate Pre-shipment Inspection (PSI) by reputable third parties like SGS or Intertek to sample and test for Aflatoxin levels at the loading port. Additionally, include a clause in your contract that specifies rejection or price adjustment if the levels exceed your country's legal limits upon arrival.

Focus on transparency regarding the crop year; always insist on the 'New Crop' to ensure maximum shelf life. Negotiate based on volume-tiered pricing and ask for detailed specification sheets before discussing price. For long-term partnerships, request a factory audit or video inspection of their shelling and sorting facilities to verify their color sorting technology and cleaning capabilities.

To ensure transaction security, use secured payment methods or Letters of Credit (L/C) for large bulk orders. This ensures that payment is only released once the supplier provides the Bill of Lading and required Phytosanitary Certificates. Avoid 100% upfront payments to unknown suppliers; a standard 30% deposit and 70% against shipping documents is common in the industry.

Agricultural imports are strictly regulated. You must ensure the supplier provides a Phytosanitary Certificate issued by the exporting country's government, a Certificate of Origin, and a Commercial Invoice/Packing List. Check your local Customs and Agriculture Department for specific import permits required for peanuts to avoid costly delays or cargo destruction at the border.